Sunday, February 27, 2011

New business hope for Sierra Leone's war children

Farming in the remote bush of Sierra Leone is hard and punishing work.
Growing crops such as cassava, beans and sweet potatoes requires skill in the often dry and arid climate of West Africa.
Methods of farming in the region have traditionally been handed down from generation to generation.
But Sierra Leone's bitter civil war disrupted much of that transfer of knowledge.
War victims
Alpha Turay was barely five years old when the conflict began two decades ago.
The war forced his family to flee their village of Robaka, in northern Sierra Leone, and seek refuge in the bush.
It also robbed him - and his generation - of their childhood, and the chance to gain a livelihood.

Whomsoever runs a business wants to maximise profit, and the maximisation of profit starts from negotiation”

Ibrahim Kamara War Child field location manager
 
However, a project being run by the charity War Child is aiming to change that.

Almost a decade after the war finally ended, the Dutch-based organisation is helping young Sierra Leoneans to re-learn traditional farming skills.
"The project is helping to educate us," says Alpha Turay. "We're learning agricultural activities - like how to plant crops.
"War Child also helped build a rice hauler for our community, so instead of pounding rice by hand now we have a machine. We're learning skills to earn a living."
Traditional skills
The village of Robaka is located deep in the interior of Sierra Leone.
A settlement of earthen brick buildings, it is surrounded entirely by palm forests and is at least a two-hour drive - over almost impassable roads - from the district capital.
Robaka's inhabitants are poor, but they've come a long way since the civil war, which ended in 2002 after claiming the lives of more than 50,000 Sierra Leoneans.
Life goes on as it always has done - with traditional methods of food production, and other skills, encouraged.
Profit motive
Overseeing War Child's work in the village is local Sierra Leonean Ibrahim Kamara.
Youths in the village of Robaka are learning traditional farming skills forgotten during the war
He encourages Robaka's youths to see themselves as business-people and entrepreneurs in the making.
"We train them in how to do negotiating skills," says Mr Kamara. "Some of them are business people, but they still grumble about not having profit and the like."
"Whomsoever runs a business wants to maximise profit, and the maximisation of profit starts from negotiation," he adds.
'Helping us to forget'

The rebels bombed our house, my uncle's arm was amputated, there was a lot of destruction within the family”

 Alpha Kanu Trainee, War Child Project
 
The civil war left tens of thousands of youngsters across Sierra Leone without access to proper education.
Alpha Kanu, a 22-year-old from Robaka, was among them.
The conflict claimed the life of his father. Along with other youths in the village, he now attends school classes, but painful memories of the civil war remain.
"The rebels bombed our house, my uncle's arm was amputated, there was a lot of destruction within the family," he says. "I felt bad about my father's death. But now I've joined this programme and it's helping me to forget."
Alpha Kanu is also busy thinking about his future.
"I want to import goods, and if the chance permits, to buy and sell cars," he says.
Unlocking potential
As evening draws in at the end of another day, both in the fields and the classroom, Robaka's residents - young and old - gather to sing and dance.
Like original methods of farming, cultural traditions - all but forgotten during the war - are being re-learnt.
Sierra Leone's troubled past is being is confronted in places like Robaka.
Strife once brought about by war is being replaced with the hope that Sierra Leone's entrepreneurial potential - and future wealth - can be unlocked by the nation's youth.

 

Friday, February 4, 2011

Opportunities for African Small Farmers in Ethical Foods Markets: An Entrepreneurial Perspective

Income growth in many countries is fuelling expansion of the ethical consumer segment and creating an unprecedented opportunity for small African farmers. The challenge is how to organize these farmers to seize the opportunities being offered by the emerging market. We argue in this paper that the development of entrepreneurial perspectives on small farmers’ realities could help alleviate the current economic challenges confronting them. We suggest increased engagement between researchers and academics with producers in entrepreneurial ventures to seize these opportunities. This is new model of economic development focuses on microeconomic solutions through entrepreneurial initiatives. We believe the agricultural economics profession’s ability to engage producers in this manner will not only increase its relevance but provide needed financial resources to grow education and research programs.
 
Amanor-Boadu, Vincent

Investment in Small Farmers Crucial in Africa

Attempts to alleviate poverty and hunger and boost African economies are futile if the needs and potential of small-scale farmers in the region are ignored and the issue of trade barriers remains unaddressed.

 
 













‘‘We have approximately 80 million small-scale farmers in Africa who produce very little - not because they do not want to be more productive, but because they are not able to,’’ argued Florence Wambugu. She is a former Monsanto biotechnologist and, at the head of Kenya-based Africa Harvest Biotech Foundation, a leading lobbyist for genetic modification technology on the continent.




‘‘Raising these farmers’ productivity is possible and it is key to the Africa’s food security and overall economic growth,’’ Wambugu added.
Numerous obstacles face small-scale farmers in Africa, she told IPS. These vary from a lack of infrastructure to no access to credit and new technology and little or no support from government and financial institutions.

Kofi Annan, chairperson of the Board of the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), acknowledged this.

‘‘The average African small holding farmer swims alone,’’ the former secretary general to the United Nations stated. ‘‘She has no insurance against erratic weather patterns, gets no subsidies and has no access to credit. I say ‘she’ because the majority of small-scale farmers in Africa are women.’’

AGRA is a non-governmental organisation that aims to alleviate poverty among Africa’s small-scale farming communities.

Nick Moon, co-founder of Kickstart International - a non-profit organisation that develops low-cost technologies for cash-poor farmers - stressed that poor irrigation infrastructure plays an important role in the farmers’ hardship and the food insecurity in the region.

‘‘Only four to five percent of agricultural land in Africa is irrigated. The rest is rain fed,’’ he said. Few small-holding farmers in sub-Saharan Africa ‘‘live in close proximity to a water source, whether it is ground or surface water. This is a problem, especially because of climate change.

‘‘Therefore, when addressing the needs of small scale farming, more attention should go to water and irrigation infrastructure.’’

Access to markets is crucial when it comes to empowering poor farming African communities, Wambugu added. ‘‘Many struggle with marketing their produce,’’ she said.

‘‘International trade barriers to protect farmers in rich countries definitely play a role but the existing regional tariffs are also obstacles,’’ she argued. ‘‘Creating a regional market for African products will stimulate their production as they are enabled to sell their surplus and we improve the continent’s food security and thus the overall economy.’’

Statistics by African Economic Outlook, which provides economic information and analysis on Africa’s economies, indicate that intra-African trade in 2008 amounted to 424,14 billion dollars of which 17.1 percent was accounted for by agriculture.

During the WEF on Africa meeting, it was also argued that African governments - apart from opening their markets for agricultural products from elsewhere on the continent - should keep their promise of spending 10 percent of their budgets on agriculture.


 
In 2003, with the Maputo Declaration, African leaders committed themselves to national budget allocations of 10 percent to agriculture by 2008 as part of their attempts to meet the first Millennium Development Goal - fighting hunger and poverty.

Six countries have met that goal so far, with the average spending on agriculture in the African Union being five to six percent.

One of the countries that are meeting this obligation is Rwanda. ‘‘Agriculture is an important driver of economical development, especially in Africa where so many people rely on farming,’’ Rwandan president Paul Kagame said.

‘‘If you enable farmers to increase their productivity, you increase your gross national product (GDP) and you lift people out of poverty. Africa can become the world’s breadbasket, but you need to work on it. Investing in agriculture is easier than to have millions of people starving,’’ he added.

According to Wambugu it is important for African governments to focus more on rural development. ‘‘It is there where the majority of people live. By not making rural areas more attractive, people will continue flock to the cities hoping for a better life. This is not beneficial to the continent’s food security.’’

Figures by the United Nations Centre for Human Settlements show that Africa’s urbanisation rate of 3.5 per cent per year is the highest in the world and is predominantly triggered by rural poverty. It is estimated that by the year 2030, over half of the continent’s population will live in cities and rural settlements.

South Africa is one of the countries that have pledged to put more energy in rural development.

In his first state of the nation addressed in June 2009, newly elected president Jacob Zuma said that by ‘‘working together with our people in the rural areas, we will ensure a comprehensive rural development strategy linked to land and agrarian reform and food security.

‘‘People in the rural areas have a right to be helped with farming so that they can grow vegetables and other things and raise livestock so that they can feed themselves.’’

Wambugu applauds these promises. ‘‘This change of mindset is needed across the continent. Rural-based development is the way forward for Africa.’’

*The original of this story, moved Jun. 15, failed to identify Florence Wambugu as a leading promoter of GM technology for Africa. 


By Miriam Mannak

La montée en puissance des marques africaines

                                           Dans l'agroalimentaire les marques Adja et Chocolion concurrencent                                                                               les occidentales.  © Antoine Tempé/Picture Tank pour J.A.

Pour conquérir le consommateur, les enseignes locales affrontent les multinationales. Avec moins de moyens, elles enregistrent néanmoins des succès notables.
Un bon 35 °C à l’ombre. Et l’impression que le thermomètre cavale vers les 40 °C. Une chaleur inhabituelle frappe, ce 23 décembre, Ouagadougou. Un vieux frigo au ronronnement poussif, à cheval sur le seuil d’une épicerie et le trottoir, maintient quelques bières au frais. Il attire comme un aimant les passants qui ploient sous l’air chaud de midi. « Et pour vous ? Brafaso ou Magna Premium ? » Peine perdue. Ces bières locales ne verront peut-être jamais le jour, victimes d’un combat inégal entre un investisseur local, Mohamed Pangueba Sogli, désireux de faire naître de nouvelles marques africaines en créant les Brasseries du Faso, et le groupe Castel, qui se partage le marché de la bière africaine avec le sud-africain SAB-Miller. Read more...

Les mystères de la ruée vers l'or vert africain

Agriculteurs sénégalais à Djilakh© AFP
La ruée des pays et des groupes étrangers vers l’or vert africain inquiète experts et ONG. Reste que le phénomène est difficilement quantifiable, nombre d’annonces d’accords n’étant pas suivies d’effet.
Alem a trouvé du travail depuis peu. Ce paysan éthiopien qui avait du mal à joindre les deux bouts avec son lopin de terre gagne désormais 1 euro par jour pour travailler sur les 300 000 ha du groupe indien agroalimentaire Karuturi. Maïs, riz, palmier à huile… L’arrivée des investisseurs indiens dans les plaines verdoyantes de la rivière Tekezé, dans le nord du pays, n’est pas le fruit du hasard. Read more...